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Tooth Chart Common Questions
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tooth Chart (permanent)
Because you are viewing the chart as if you are looking at the patient's mouth, the Left and Right sides will appear to be reversed.
Common Questions
The information on this website is provided for general information and educational purposes only. It is not meant to replace professional dental care and the advice of your dentist. If you are having a dental problem please Contact Us to schedule a visit with one of Our Dentists.
Can I afford to see a dentist...even if I don't have insurance?
Can I get braces for my kids...without breaking the bank?
What should I do during a dental emergency?
How do cavities start and what can I do to prevent them?
What kind of toothpaste should I use?
Is flossing really that important? I don't floss and my teeth seem fine.
Can a dental problem affect any other areas of my body?
What is Gum Disease?
What are the signs of Oral Cancer and what steps can I take to prevent it?
Other than the color, is there a difference between amalgam (silver) fillings and composite (white) fillings?
What is a sealant and does my child need them?
My dentist told me I need a root canal. Why shouldn't I just have the tooth pulled instead?
I don't have any pain or obvious dental problems, do I still need to see a dentist for regular checkups?
I want to whiten my teeth. What is the difference between the whitening my dental office can perform and the whitening kits I would buy in a store?
I'm afraid of the dentist, what should I do to keep a healthy smile?
My teeth are crooked and I have a space in the front that I find unsightly. I don't want to get braces - do I have any other options?
You'll be surprised how affordable quality dentistry can be!
We will work with you to help you get the care you need. Chestnut Hills Dental participates with many Dental and Medical Insurance Plans and we offer two different DCA Discount Programs to help you save money!
If you don't have insurance and are not interested in the affordable DCA Discount Programs, we also offer a variety of other Financial Options. We'll help you get the quality dentistry you need. Contact Us for more information, we will be happy to go over your options in more detail!
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What should I do during a dental emergency?
Any injury to the teeth or gums can be potentially serious and should not be ignored even if you are not currently experiencing pain. Ignoring a dental problem can increase the risk of permanent damage as well as the need for more extensive (and expensive) treatment later on. If you feel you are in need of urgent assistance please contact your dentist immediately and/or visit your closest emergency care facility.
The following is a basic summary of the first steps to take when dealing with some common dental problems.
Toothache
Rinse your mouth with warm water. Use dental floss to remove any food that may be lodged in between teeth. If your mouth is swollen, apply a cold compress to the outside of your mouth or cheek. See your dentist as soon as possible.
Chipped or broken tooth
Save any pieces. Rinse the mouth using warm water; rinse any of the broken tooth pieces. If there is bleeding, apply a piece of gauze to the area for about 10 minutes or until the bleeding stops. Apply a cold compress to the outside of the mouth, cheek, or lip near the broken/chipped tooth to keep any swelling down and relieve pain. Contact your dentist immediately.
Dislodged (or knocked out) tooth
Retrieve the tooth, hold it by the crown (the part that is usually exposed in the mouth), and rinse off the tooth root with water. Do not scrub it or remove any attached tissue fragments. If possible, try to put the tooth back in place. Make sure it's facing the proper direction in the mouth but never force it into the socket. If it's not possible to reinsert the tooth in the socket, put the tooth in a small container of milk (or cup of water that contains a pinch of table salt, if milk is not available). In all cases, see your dentist or visit your nearest emergency facility immediately. Teeth that were knocked out have the the highest chances of being saved if treated by the dentist and returned to their socket within 1 hour or less of being knocked out.
Partially dislodged tooth
Contact your dentist immediately. Until you reach your dentist's office, you may apply a cold compress to the outside of the mouth or cheek in the affected area to help relieve pain. If this doesn't relieve the pain you may take a pain reliever (such as Tylenol or Advil). Be sure to let your dentist know what medications you took and at what time.
Object caught between teeth
Try using dental floss to carefully remove the object. If you can't get the object dislodged, contact your dentist. Never use a sharp item (such as a pin) to poke at the object. These items can cut gum tissue and/or scratch tooth surface.
Lost filling
Until you can get in to see your dentist, an over-the-counter (temporary) dental cement may be purchased at your local pharmacy. Contact your dentist as soon as possible.
Lost crown
If you have a a crown that falls off contact your dentist as soon as possible and bring the crown to your appointment. If you can't get to the dentist right away and the tooth is causing discomfort, use a cotton swab to apply a little clove oil to the sensitive area (clove oil can be purchased at your local drug store or in the spice aisle of your grocery store).
If possible, slip the crown back over the tooth. Before doing so, you may coat the inner surface with an over-the-counter dental wax, dental cement, or denture adhesive, to help hold the crown in place. Only use products that are specifically designed for dental use. Remember, this is not a permanent fix and you will need to see your dentist.
Abscess
An abscess is an infection that occur around the root of a tooth or in the space between the teeth and gums. An abscess can damage tissue and surrounding teeth and the the infection could spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Due to the serious health problems that can result from an abscess be sure to see your dentist as soon as possible. An abscess is a swelling on your gum that usually is painful and looks much like a pimple. To ease the discomfort until you can see your dentist, try rinsing your mouth with a mild salt water solution (1/2 teaspoon of table salt in 8 ounces of water) several times a day.
Soft-tissue injuries
Injuries to the soft tissues (which include the tongue, cheeks, gums and lips) can result in serious bleeding. To control bleeding, you may try the following: Rinse your mouth with a mild salt-water solution. Use a moistened piece of gauze or tea bag to apply pressure to the bleeding site. Hold in place for 15 to 20 minutes. To both control bleeding and relieve pain, hold a cold compress to the outside of the mouth or cheek in the affected area for 5 to 10 minutes. See your dentist right away or if the bleeding doesn't stop and your dentist can't see you immediately go to a local emergency care facility. Continue to apply pressure on the bleeding site with the gauze until you can be seen and treated. Do not allow bleeding to continue without professional care.
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How do cavities start and what can I do to prevent them?
Tooth decay causes cavities and destroys tooth structure. It can spread if left unchecked and affect both the tooth enamel and the inner layer of the tooth (dentin). Tooth decay occurs when foods containing sugars and starches are left on the teeth. Bacteria live in the mouth and it causes these foods to turn into acids. The bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine to form bacterial plaque. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that sticks to teeth. The acids in plaque stick to teeth, dissolve the enamel and create holes called cavities. Regular brushing with a fluoride toothpaste and flossing with a can help prevent tooth decay.
The main reason that children are more likely to have new cavities is because their teeth are still developing and are less mineralized (or softer) than adult teeth. A child's teeth will not be fully developed until their late teenage years. During this period it is important to be sure that the area where the teeth meet the gums is being brushed well enough to remove all plaque and food particles. This will prevent decay from forming at the gum line and maintain healthy gums. Having the child floss every day, perhaps while doing something else such as during their favorite TV show is an excellent way to for a healthy flossing habit. Sealants can be applied to all the adult back teeth and will help prevent cavities on the chewing surface where food and bacteria can be present in the deeper grooves of the teeth. Your dentist can give you information on a regular fluoride program for your child to help in the fight against tooth decay.
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What kind of toothpaste should I use?
If you've visited the toothpaste aisle in your local store lately you'll find there is a huge variety of toothpastes available. Many of them are targeting multiple dental issues such as whitening with tarter control or freshening breath with whitening. It is the process of mechanically removing food particles off the surface of the teeth (and flossing between the teeth) that is most important. Allowing food particles to remain on the surface of your teeth is what allows the process of tooth decay to begin. Most commercial toothpastes contain a mild abrasive which helps remove plaque. The easy answer is with regular brushing (and flossing) and a toothpaste that contains fluoride, it is really about taste and personal preference for a general toothpaste choice. If you have sensitive teeth there are also a number of toothpastes available to help alleviate those symptoms. Talk with your dentist for more information.
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Is flossing really that important? I don't floss and my teeth seem fine.
Flossing regularly in combination with brushing maybe be the single most important thing you can do for your mouth. It has been said that your mouth is a door to your body. Many things that enter the body has come in through your mouth, whether it is food, liquids or bacteria. Bad and harmful bacteria, which are located in dental plaque, cannot be removed only by brushing alone and will remain in your mouth. Plaque is a soft and white accumulation of micro-organisms. It contains about 400 different species of bacteria, and billions of individual germs in each milligram of plaque. Most of these germs are harmful, but some can be very damaging for the teeth or the gums when they gather in thick layers.
Dentists and dental hygienists always insist on the importance of flossing, and recommend doing it twice a day. Here are some good reasons why you should floss regularly:
Floss to prevent tooth decay. Dental plaque can cause cavities if it’s left between teeth. When mixed with sugar or starches, the bacteria that live in plaque can start the process of tooth decay. This is why it’s bad for plaque to be left in your mouth. Brushing alone does not clean in between teeth, only dental floss can remove plaque in those areas.
Floss to prevent gum disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of gums) is the first stage of gum disease (periodontal disease). It is caused by an accumulation of plaque around gums and between teeth. Flossing is important to remove all plaque accumulated on the teeth.
Floss to prevent halitosis. Dental plaque is one of the causes of halitosis (bad breath), and if it’s left between your teeth, it will generate a bad smell in your mouth. This odor comes from the metabolism of the bacteria contained in plaque. Bad breath can also be caused by gum disease and tooth decay (which are also primarily caused by plaque).
Floss to prevent tartar build up. Tartar is actually dental plaque that has become hard from the saliva’s calcifying action. Good oral hygiene practices, which include brushing and flossing, can slow down the accumulation of tartar, but does not actually remove it. Some people produce tartar more than others. Regular dental cleanings are recommended to remove tartar.
Floss to reduce the risk of heart disease. Again, the mouth is an entry point to your body for harmful bacteria that may eventually reach the organs, including cardiac tissue. Dental plaque, which contains dangerous bacteria, must be eliminated to prevent those micro-organisms to reach the heart through the blood stream and cause heart disease complications.
Floss to avoid the complications with diabetes. Scientific evidence shows that people who suffer from diabetes can have their condition complicated by gum disease. Diabetics usually have a weaker immune system and take more time to fight inflammations and infections, including the ones that start in the mouth. That’s why good oral hygiene, which includes daily brushing and flossing, is very important to prevent diseases, or disease complications, such as with diabetes.
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Can a dental problem affect any other areas of my body?
Yes. Clinical studies show a strong relationship between dental infections and other infections in the body. We are learning that we must have good oral health in order to have good overall health. Your mouth is a doorway (or entry point) to your body. This is the ideal area for bacteria and infection to spread into other areas of your body. Studies also show a link between gum disease and heart disease as well as gum disease causing complications with diabetes.
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What is Gum Disease?
Gingivitis, also known as the first stage of gum disease, is a serious infection of the gum and bone surrounding the teeth. As the disease progresses the bone that holds teeth in place is eroded away. Eventually this can lead to tooth loss, if the gum disease is not treated.
Symptoms include: Bleeding gums (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth), bright red or reddish-purple appearance to gums, gums that are tender when touched, mouth sores, swollen gums, shiny appearance to gums.
Clinical studies show a strong relationship between dental infections and other infections in the body. We are learning that we must have good oral health in order to have good overall health.
Gum disease is treated in a variety of ways depending on the stage, how you have responded to earlier treatments, and your overall health. Treatments range from nonsurgical therapies that control bacterial growth to surgery to restore supportive tissues. Ask your dentist for more information on gingivitis.
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What are the signs of Oral Cancer and what steps can I take to prevent it?
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that occurs on the lips, inside the mouth, on the back of the throat, the tonsils or salivary glands. It occurs more frequently in men than women, and most likely to strike people over 40 years old. Smoking in combination with heavy alcohol use is a key risk factor. If not detected early, oral cancer can require surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. It can also be fatal, with an overall five-year survival rate of approximately 50 percent. Part of the reason for this poor prognosis is a failure to recognize the early symptoms, so detecting oral cancer early is the key to successful treatment.
What are the Symptoms of Oral Cancer? You won't always be able to spot the earliest warning signs of oral cancer, which is why regular check-ups with both your dentist and physician are so important. Your dentist is trained to detect early warning signs of oral cancer. However, in addition to check-ups, you should see your dentist if you do notice any of the following: A sore on the lips, gums, or inside of your mouth that bleeds easily and doesn't heal, a lump or thickening in the cheek that you can feel with your tongue, loss of feeling or numbness in any part of your mouth, white or red patches on the gums, tongue or inside of mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing food, soreness or unexplained pain in your mouth, or feeling that something is caught in your throat with no known cause, swelling of the jaw causing dentures to fit poorly, or a change in voice.
How can I Prevent Oral Cancer? If you don't chew or smoke tobacco — don't start. Tobacco use accounts for 80 to 90 percent of oral cancers. Smoking — the link between smoking, lung cancer and heart disease is well established. Smoking also affects your general health, making it harder to fight infections and recover from injuries or surgery. Among young adults, smoking can lead to stunted growth and other developmental difficulties. Many smokers find they can't smell or taste as well as before, and risk developing bad breath and stained teeth. Your oral health is also at risk every time you light up. Smoking cigarettes, a pipe or a cigar greatly increases your chances of developing cancer of the larynx, mouth, throat and esophagus. Because so many people are not aware of or ignore early symptoms, oral cancer often spreads before it is detected. Chewing Tobacco — chronic users of smokeless tobacco are 50 times more likely to develop oral cancer than non-users. It's best to avoid smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes, chewing tobacco or dipping snuff. People who stop using tobacco, even after many years of use, greatly reduce their risk for oral cancer. Chronic and/or heavy use of alcohol also increases your risk of cancer, and alcohol combined with tobacco creates an especially high risk.
How is Oral Cancer Treated? After a diagnosis has been made, a team of specialists (including an oral surgeon and dentist) develops a treatment plan to fit each patient's needs. Surgery is usually required, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. It's important to see a dentist who's familiar with the changes these therapies may cause in the mouth. Each time you consume foods and drinks that contain sugars or starches, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack your teeth for 20 minutes or more. To reduce damage to your tooth enamel, limit the number or between meal snacks and drinks. And when you do snack, choose nutritious foods such as cheese, raw vegetables, plain yogurt or fruit.
What Oral Side Effects Occur with Radiation Therapy? When radiation therapy is used for the head and neck area, many people experience irritation in the mouth, dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing and changes in taste. Radiation also increases the chances of getting cavities, that's why it is especially important to take good care of your teeth, gums, mouth and throat during radiation treatment. Be sure to talk regularly with your cancer specialist and dentist about any mouth problems you might have during and after radiation treatment. Also, discuss with your dentist, prior to starting head and neck cancer therapy, what you can do before, during and after your therapy to help prevent the possible oral side effects.
How can I Maintain Oral Health During my Therapy? Be sure to brush with a soft toothbrush after meals and floss daily. Avoid spices and coarse foods like raw vegetables, dry crackers and nuts. Also avoid tobacco and alcohol. Eat or chew sugar-free gum or candy to keep your mouth moist. Before starting radiation therapy, notify your dentist and make an appointment for a complete checkup. Ask your dentist to consult with your radiation oncologist before your radiation treatment begins.
The explanation for this answer was taken from Colgate's article on Oral Cancer.
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Other than the color, is there a difference between amalgam (silver) fillings and composite (white) fillings?
Amalgam (often referred to as silver) fillings have been used as restorations for filling cavities for years by dentists for some of the following reasons - ease of use, durability and low cost. Some of the cons to an amalgam filling material are as follows: Independent research has shown that Amalgam fillings may leak harmful mercury into the body. A dentist is not able to take a radiograph (or x-ray) through a tooth that has an amalgam filling. This is a problem because if you have tooth decay underneath your amalgam filling your dentist may not see the decay on the radiograph. Saving the tooth can become very expensive if the decay is aloud to progress under the filling for a length of time. Leakage is also a problem in some cases with an amalgam filling. When a filling is placed inside a cavity small amounts of bacteria may leak in between the amalgam and your tooth which may lead to further tooth decay. And finally, the appearance of an amalgam filling is considered unsightly to some.
A white (or tooth colored) composite filling will blend in with your natural teeth. Composite fillings are bonded to the inside walls of your teeth leaving very little opportunity for micro leakage from bacteria being trapped in between the filling (such as the case with amalgams) and the remaining tooth structure. In many cases a composite filling would be preferably but there is usually an increased cost to the patient for the benefits it provides. The best thing to do is discuss it with your dentist and weigh out the pros and cons of both types of fillings.
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What is a sealant and does my child need them?
Sealants are a polymer resin that is brushed on the chewing surface of your child's adult teeth. This polymer resin is bonded to the surface of the tooth with an ultra violet light. This is an excellent procedure for the purpose of preventive dentistry. Your child's teeth have many grooves (pits and fissures) on the chewing surface. When sealants are not used, food particles and bacteria will accumulate in these grooves and begin decay. This decay leads to lactic acid being created which destroys tooth enamel and leaves a cavity that needs to be filled. The sealants act as a protective coating between the lactic acids and the tooth enamel. This procedure is relatively inexpensive and considerably less expensive than filling a cavity later on. Talk to your dentist or hygienist for more information.
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My dentist told me I need a root canal. Why shouldn't I just have the tooth pulled instead?
Contrary to popular belief, root canal treatment can be performed with no or minimal discomfort. A root canal is a treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is severely decayed and/or becomes infected. During a root canal procedure, the nerve and pulp is removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and sealed with a plastic material. A tooth's nerve is not vitally important to a tooth's health and function after the tooth has erupted. Its function is sensory and will not affect the day-to-day functioning of the tooth. After root canal therapy has been completed, it is often necessary to protect the tooth with a restoration that increases strength. An example includes a custom made post to support the tooth and dental crown to strengthen and protect the remaining natural tooth surface.
An extraction could be an immediate solution, however there are many clinical reasons why one tooth extraction can lead to a domino effect of tooth loss in the future. Without the tooth in place you will be left with an unsightly gap and the possibility that the surrounding teeth may shift due to this space, causing other issues later on.
Your dentist will advise you on the best option to maintain your natural tooth after root canal treatment is complete. If you have any questions regarding root canals, please contact our office
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I don't have any pain or obvious dental problems, do I still need to see a dentist for regular checkups?
Yes! Many dental problems will not present symptoms until they are in advanced stages, leading to more costly treatment down the road. Your dentist has the expertise and tools to diagnose and treat many oral health issues you may not even know exist. If anxiety about visiting your dentist is the problem please see our question and answer about that below. If finances are a concern or you don't have dental insurance remember that we have many payment options available and preventative treatment now is going to cost less than more extensive treatment later. We also offer a very affordable dental discount plan. Not having insurance means that preventive maintenance and regular cleanings are a must for you. Due to the expense of operative dentistry, getting your teeth cleaned twice a year and having small cavities filled is far less expensive than waiting for a tooth ache to come along, which may require a root canal or a crown.
Visiting your dentist regularly for check ups and cleanings allows you to maintain a healthier mouth. Small cavities can be filled before they become too deep and require major operative dentistry. Studies have shown that in the long run people who visit their dentist on a regular basis spend far less money than those who wait for something to start hurting before making a dental appointment. Call one of our offices to schedule your appointment today.
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I want to whiten my teeth. What is the difference between the whitening my dental office can perform and the whitening kits I would buy in a store?
Tooth whitening is very popular today. It is an affordable and quick technique that often times dramatically enhances a person's smile. Many teeth whitening systems are available - these include whitening toothpastes, over-the counter gels, strips and trays, and whitening agents obtained from a dentist. Your dentist can also give you information on professional whitening treatments done in-office such as BriteSmile or Zoom which can whiten teeth up to 8+ shades in an hour (which is dramatically whiter and faster than the standard trays, strips or gels).
In general, individuals who are good candidates for tooth whitening will obtain the best results from the whitening products obtained from a dental professional. Teeth whitening is ideal for people who have healthy gums, minimal crowns/bridges, posterior fillings or minimally restored teeth, no dental recession or sensitivity (as whitening agents can sometimes irritate the gums). Individuals with yellow tones to their teeth respond very well to tooth whitening. Individuals who have dark brown or gray tones to their teeth may be a better candidate for other cosmetic procedures, such as porcelain veneers or dental crowns. It is important to talk to your dentist to find out if you are a good candidate for tooth whitening.
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I'm afraid of the dentist, what should I do to keep a healthy smile?
Regular visits to your dentist are key to a healthy smile and good oral health. Start by talking to your dentist about the proposed treatment. Modern dentistry can be virtually painless and there are usually multiple options for the fearful or anxious patient - some of which include: Hand signals - the patient and dentist agree that if any pain or anxiety is felt during the procedure the patient will raise their hand to alert the dentist. Distraction techniques - some dentists like to use headphones with CD's so the patient can listen to something while the procedure is going on. Other dentists may have an interesting mural in a location the patient can see it to focus on. Relaxation Techniques - When you're tense or fearful your body releases stress chemicals - such as adrenaline. These chemicals cause a variety of physical responses including your muscles tightening, you breathe faster, and the pain receptors in your brain become more sensitive. These reactions themselves can make you feel more fearful and anxious and it becomes a downward spiral. Relieving the tension can head off this response. Some of our dentists like to offer our patients a relaxation/meditation CD and headphones during the procedure. You may also practice some deep breathing or muscle group relaxation techniques before the procedure begins (focusing on each muscle group and willing that area to relax and release). Pain Management - Fear of pain is the main reason most people avoid seeing their dentist. Here are a few examples of pain management techniques: Topical anesthetics — Applied with a swab, topical anesthetics are used routinely to numb an area of the mouth or gum prior to the injection of a local anesthetic. Laser drills — Recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), laser drills may cause far less pain than conventional mechanical models. They can be used to prepare some cavities for fillings. Conscious sedation - an oral form of sedation that leaves the patient awake but in a very relaxed state. Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) — The gas helps people feel relaxed or even euphoric, and the effects wear off quickly once the gas is turned off. Nitrous oxide generally is used as a supplement to other drugs, not as a replacement. Intravenous sedation — This technique usually is reserved for patients who are undergoing extensive dental procedures, although it can be used for those who are simply too anxious to have dental treatment done otherwise. A tranquilizer is injected into a vein in the hand or arm. The patient will be awake, but deeply relaxed. General anesthesia — This involves putting the patient to "sleep" for the duration of the procedure. Some of our specialists have the equipment and training to perform general anesthesia in the office. Because of the risks of side effects general anesthesia should be only used when other forms of sedation or pain control aren't enough. Talk to your dentist about the different forms of anesthesia available.
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My teeth are crooked and I have a space in the front that I find unsightly. I don't want to get braces - do I have any other options?
You have many options available today including crowns, veneers, bonding and a variety of other cosmetic procedures. Also, Invisalign may be an option for you. Remember that the braces from years ago are not the same as what is available today. Ask your dentist for treatment options and review all the pros and cons including cost, time, and how invasive each procedure is.
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Dental Terminology
- A -
Abscess
Acute or chronic localized inflammation, probably with a collection of pus, associated with tissue destruction and, frequently, swelling; usually secondary to infection.
Abutment
A tooth or implant fixture used as a support for a prosthesis.
Adult Dentition
The permanent teeth of adulthood that either replace the primary dentition or erupt distally to the primary molars.
Aesthetic Dentistry (See Cosmetic Dentistry)
Alveolar
Referring to the bone to which a tooth is attached.
Amalgam (Filling or Restoration)
An alloy used in direct dental restorations. Typically composed of mercury, silver, tin and copper along with other metallic elements added to improve physical and mechanical properties.
Anesthesia
A general term referring to a variety of sedation and pain control techniques. Deep Sedation - a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. The ability to maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and a positive pressure ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired. General Anesthesia - A drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and positive pressure ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired. Local Anesthesia - The elimination of sensation, especially pain, in one part of the body by the topical application or regional injection of a drug. Nitrous Oxide (inhaled) - A technique of administration in which a gaseous agent (nitrous oxide) is introduced into the lungs and whose primary effect is due to absorption through the gas/blood interface. Oral Sedation - A type of sedation where the patient takes medication in the form of a pill orally. The patient is normally semi-conscious, in a very relaxed state.
Anterior
Refers to the teeth and tissues located toward the front of the mouth.
Apex
The tip or end of the root end of the tooth.
Arch (Dental)
The curved composite structure of the natural dentition and the residual ridge, or the remains thereof, after the loss of some or all of the natural teeth. Maxillary arch is the upper arch. Mandibular arch is the lower arch.
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- B -
Benefit (Insurance)
The amount payable by a third party toward the cost of various covered dental services. Also refers to the dental service or procedure covered by the plan.
Bicuspid
A premolar tooth; a tooth with two cusps. [see definition of cusp]
Bilateral
Occurring on, or pertaining to, both right and left sides.
Biopsy
The process of removing tissue for histologic evaluation.
Bitewing (Radiograph)
A form of dental radiograph (or x-ray) that may be taken with the long axis of the image oriented either horizontally or vertically, that reveals approximately the coronal halves of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and portions of the interdental alveolar septa on the same image.
Bleaching (also Whitening)
The process of lightening the teeth, usually using a chemical oxidizing agent and sometimes in the presence of heat. Removal of deep seated intrinsic or acquired discolorations from crows of vital and non-vital teeth through the use of chemicals, sometimes in combination with light and heat. Bleaching has been achieved through short and long term applications of pastes or solutions containing various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. Normally applied externally to teeth; may be used internally for endodontically treated teeth.
Bonding
Process by which two or more components are made integral by mechanical and/or chemical adhesion at their interface.
Bridge (Fixed Partial Denture)
A prosthetic replacement of one or more missing teeth cemented or otherwise attached to the abutment teeth or implant replacements.
Bruxism
The parafunctional (other than normal function or use) grinding of teeth.
Buccal
Pertaining to or toward the cheek (as in the buccal surface of a posterior tooth).
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- C -
Calculus
Hard deposit of mineralized substance adhering to crowns and/or roots of teeth or prosthetic devices.
Caries
Commonly used term for tooth decay.
Cavity
Missing tooth structure. A cavity may be due to decay, erosion or abrasion. If caused by caries (tooth decay) also referred to as carious lesion.
CDT (Current Dental Terminology)
A listing of descriptive terms and identifying codes developed by the American Medical Association (AMA) for reporting practitioner services and procedures to medical plans and medicare.
Cleft Palate
Congenital deformity resulting in lack of fusion of the soft and/or hard palate, either partial or complete.
Clenching
The clamping and pressing of the jaws and teeth together in centric occlusion, frequently associated with psychological or physical effort.
Composite (Resin)
A dental restorative material made up of disparate or separate parts (i.e. resin and quarts particles). Sometimes referred to as a "white filling" and used in place of an amalgam material.
Consultation
In a dental setting, a diagnostic service provided by a dentist where the dentist, patient, or other parties (i.e. another dentist, physician, or legal guardian) discuss the patient's dental needs and proposed treatment modalities.
Copayment
Beneficiary's share of the dentist's fee after the benefit has been paid.
Core Buildup
The replacement of a part or all of the crown of a tooth whose purpose is to provide a base for the retention of an indirectly fabricated crown.
Coronal
Refers to the crown of a tooth.
Cosmetic Dentistry
Also referred to as Aesthetic Dentistry. Those services provided by dentists solely for the purpose of improving the appearance when form and function are satisfactory and no pathological conditions exist. Can be combined with other forms of dentistry to create a beautiful smile along with correcting a dental problem.
Coverage (Insurance)
Benefits available to an individual covered under a dental benefit plan.
Crown
There are a number of different crown references. Abutment Crown - an artificial crown serving for the retention or support of a dental prosthesis. Anatomical Crown - That portion of tooth normally covered by, and including, enamel. Artificial Crown - Restoration covering or replacing the major part, or the whole of the clinical crown of a tooth. Clinical Crown - That portion of a tooth not covered by tissue.
Crown Lengthening
A surgical procedure exposing more tooth for restorative purposes by apically positioning the gingival margin and removing supporting bone.
Cusp
Pointed or rounded eminence on or near the masticating surface of a tooth.
Cuspid
Single cusped tooth located between the incisors and bicuspids. [see definition of Cusp]
Cyst
Pathological cavity, usually lined with epithelium, containing fluid or soft matter.
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Debridement
Removal of subgingival and/or supragingival plaque and calculus which obstructs the ability to perform an evaluation; removal of contused and devitalized tissue from a wound surface.
Decay
The lay term for carious lesions in a tooth; decomposition of tooth structure.
Deciduous
Having the property of falling off or shedding; a term used to describe the primary teeth.
Dentin
Hard tissue which forms the bulk of the tooth and develops from the dental papilla and dental pulp, and in the mature state is mineralized.
Dentistry
The evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body; provided by a dentist, within the scope of his/her education, training and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law.
Dentition
The teeth in the dental arch. There are different dentitions based on which stage the patient is in - usually coincides with the age of the patient.
Denture
An artificial substitute for some or all of the natural teeth and adjacent tissues.
Diagnostic
Codes under this category are for procedures used to evaluate, diagnose and treatment plan. Evaluations, Radiographs, Tests and other diagnostic procedures would fall under this CDT category.
Diastema
A space, such as one between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch.
Distal
Surface or position of a tooth most distant from the median line of the arch.
Dry Socket
Localized inflammation of the tooth socket following extraction due to infection or loss of blood clot; osteitis.
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Edentulous
Without teeth.
Enamel
Hard calcified tissue covering dentin of the crown of a tooth.
Endodontics
A branch of dentistry which is concerned with the morphology, physiology and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Its study and practice encompass the basic clinical sciences including biology of the normal pulp, the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions.
EOB (Explanation of Benefits)
A written statement to a beneficiary from a third party payer, after a claim has been reported, indicating the benefit/charges covered or not covered by the dental plan.
Evaluation
The patient assessment that may include gathering of information through interview, observation, examination, and use of specific tests that allow a dentist to diagnose existing conditions. There are various types of evaluations.
Extracoronal
Outside the crown of a tooth.
Extraoral
Outside the oral cavity.
Extraction
The process or act of removing a tooth or tooth parts.
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Facial
The surface of a tooth directed toward the cheeks or lips (i.e. the buccal and labial surfaces) and opposite the lingual surface.
Filling
A lay term used for the restoring of lost tooth structure by using materials such as metal, alloy, plastic or porcelain. Also referred to as a restoration.
Fluoride Treatment
The direct oral application of fluoride compounds to reduce the incidence of dental caries.
Frenum
Muscle fibers covered by a mucous membrane that attaches the cheek, lips and/or tongue to associated dental mucosa.
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Gingiva
Soft tissues overlying the crowns of unerupted teeth and encircling the necks of those that have erupted. Also referred to as "gums".
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gingival tissue without loss of connective tissue. Also referred to as Gum Disease.
Gingivectomy
The excision or removal of gingiva.
Gums (see Gingiva)
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HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. A federal law that includes Administration Simplification Provisions that require all health plans, including ERISA, as well as health care clearinghouses and any dentist who transmits health information in an electronic transaction, to use a standard format. The HIPAA standard electronic dental claim also requires use of the ADA's Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature code set. Paper transactions are not subject to this requirement. Please see our Privacy Statement for more information.
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Imaging (Diagnostic)
This would include, but is not limited to, CAT scans, MRI's, photographs, radiographs, etc.
Impacted Tooth
An unerupted or partially erupted tooth that is positioned against another tooth, bone or soft tissue so that complete eruption is unlikely.
Implant (Dental)
A device specifically designed to be placed surgically within or on the mandibular or maxillary bone as a means of providing for dental replacement.
Incisal
Pertaining to the biting edges of the incisor and cuspid teeth.
Incisor
A tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth of both jaws.
Inlay
A fixed intracoronal restoration; a dental restoration made outside of the oral cavity to correspond to the form of the prepared cavity, which is then luted into the tooth.
Insurance (Dental)
A third party payer that the beneficiary has a contract or agreement with pertaining to the payment or discount of dental treatment fees.
Intercoronal
Referring to "within" the crown of a tooth.
Intraoral
Inside the mouth.
Intravenous Sedation (see Anesthesia)
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Jaw
A common name for either the maxilla or mandible.
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Keratin
A protein present in all cuticular structures of the body, such as hair, epidermis and horns.
Keratinized Gingiva
The oral surface of the gingiva extending from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin. In gingival health, the coronal portion of the sulcular epithelium may also be keratinized.
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Labial
Pertaining to or around the lip.
Lesion
An injury or wound; area of diseased tissue.
Lingual
Pertaining to or around the tongue; surface of the tooth directed toward the tongue; opposite of facial.
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Malocclusion
Improper alignment of biting or chewing surfaces of upper and lower teeth.
Mandible
The lower jaw.
Mandibular
Referring to the lower arch of teeth. [ See Tooth Chart ]
Maxilla
The upper jaw.
Maxillary
Referring to the upper arch of teeth. [ See Tooth Chart ]
Maxillofacial
Of or relating to the upper jaw and face (particularly with reference to specialized surgery of the maxilla); "maxillofacial surgery".
Mesial
Nearer the middle line of the body or the surface of a tooth nearer the center of the dental arch.
Midline
The line that separates the left and right sides of the mouth (both upper and lower arches).
Molar
Teeth posterior to the premolars (bicuspids) on either side of the jaw; grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces.
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Neuromuscular
Affecting or characteristic of both neural and muscular tissue
Nitrous Oxide
A mixture of gasses used for dental sedation. [ See Anesthesia ]
Non-Participating (Insurance)
NPI
National Provider Identifier (NPI) is an identifier assigned by the federal government to all providers considered to be HIPAA covered entities. Dentists who are not covered entities may elect to obtain an NPI at their discretion, or may be enumerated if required by a participating provider agreement with a third-party payer, or applicable state law/regulation.
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Occlusal
Pertaining to the biting surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth or contacting surfaces of opposing teeth or opposing occlusion rims.
Occlusion
Any contact between biting or chewing surfaces or maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth.
Onlay
A restoration that restores one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surfaces or the entire occlusal surface is retained by the mechanical or adhesive means.
Oral Cavity
Refers to the mouth.
Orthodontics
A dental specialty that includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, and correction of malocclusion, as well as neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities of the developing or mature orofacial structures.
Orthotic Device
Apparatus used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities, or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the federal agency in the US responsible for making and enforcing employee safety regulations.
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Palate
The hard and soft tissues forming the roof of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities.
Palliative
Action that relieves pain but is not curative.
Panoramic Radiograph
An external projection whereby the entire mandible, maxilla, teeth and other nearby structures are portrayed on a single image, as if the jaws were flattened out.
Participating (Insurance)
When a dentist or dental organization agrees to a set of acceptable fees and limitations given by a third-party payer (generally an insurance company). A contract is signed and the dental provider makes an adjustment from their full fee on a certain code to the contracted fee. The patient may then be charged all of or a portion of this contracted fee.
Payer
A self-insured employer, insurance company, government agency or other party responsible for payment of health care claims of covered persons.
Periapical
The area surrounding the end of the tooth root.
Periodontics
A specialty of dentistry which encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues.
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of the connective tissue of the supporting or surrounding tooth structure of teeth with loss of attachment.
Plaque
A soft, sticky substance that accumulates on teeth composed largely of bacteria and bacterial derivatives.
Pontic
The term used for an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture (bridge).
Posterior
Refers to the teeth and tissues toward the back of the mouth (distal to the canines); maxillary and mandibular premolars or molars. [ See Tooth Chart ]
PPO
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is a formal agreement between a purchaser of a dental benefit program and a defined group of dentists for the delivery of dental services to a specific patient population, as an adjunct to a traditional plan, using discounted fees for cost savings.
Preauthorization (See Predetermination)
Predetermination
A process where a dentist submits a treatment plan to the payer before treatment begins. The payer reviews the treatment plan and notifies the dentist and patient of one or more of the following: patient's eligibility, covered services, amounts payable, co-payments, deductible and maximum amounts. A predetermination does not guarantee payment.
Premedication
The use of medications prior to dental procedures.
Premolar (See Bicuspid)
Preventative (Category)
Aspects of dentistry concerned with promoting good oral health function by preventing or reducing the onset and/or development of oral diseases or deformities and the occurrence of orofacial injuries.
Prophylaxis
Commonly referred to as a dental "cleaning". The removal of plaque, calculus and stains from the tooth structures. It is intended to control local irritational factors.
Prosthodontics
The dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes.
Pulp (Tooth)
Connective tissues that contain blood vessels and nerve tissue which occupies the pulp cavity of a tooth.
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Quadrant
One of the four equal sections into which the dental arches can be divided; begins at the middle of the arch and extends distally to the last tooth.
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Radiographs (X-rays)
An image or picture produced on a radiation sensitive film, phosphorous plate, emulsion or digital sensor by exposure to ionizing radiation.
Rebase
Process of refitting a denture by replacing the base material.
Reline
Process of resurfacing the tissue side of a removable prosthesis.
Restorative Dentistry
The study, diagnosis and integrated management of diseases of the teeth and their supporting structures and the rehabilitation of the dentition to functional and aesthetic requirements of the individual. Restorative dentistry encompasses the dental specialties of endodontics, periodontics and prosthetics and its foundation is based upon how these interact in cases requiring multifaceted care. Restorations used vary from amalgam and composite fillings, dental bonding, and onlays to crowns, inlays, veneers, and dental implant prosthetics.
Retainer
An appliance designed to stabilize teeth. Often used following orthodontic treatment.
Root (Tooth)
The anatomic portion of the tooth that is covered by cementum and is located in the alveolus (socket) where it is attached by the periodontal apparatus; radicular portion of the tooth.
Root Canal
The portion of the pulp cavity inside the root of a tooth; the chamber within the root of the tooth that contains the pulp.
Root Canal Therapy
The treatment of disease and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions.
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Salivary Gland
Exocrine glands that produce saliva and empty it into the mouth; these include the parotid glands, the submandibular glands and the sublingual glands.
Scaling
Removal of plaque, calculus, and stain from teeth.
Sealant
A resinous material designed to be applied to the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of posterior teeth to prevent occlusal caries.
Sedation (See Anesthesia)
Sedative Filling
A temporary restoration intended to relieve pain.
Sextant
One of the six relatively equal sections into which a dental arch can be divided.
[ See Tooth Chart ]
Site (Dental)
A term used to describe a single area, position, or locus. For periodontal procedures, an area of soft tissue recession on a single tooth or an osseous defect adjacent to a single tooth; also used to indicate soft tissue defects and/or osseous defects in edentulous tooth positions.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by abnormal pauses in breathing or instances of abnormally low breathing, during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last from a few seconds to minutes, and may occur 5 to 30 times or more an hour. Each abnormally low breathing event is called a hypopnea. Sleep apnea is generally diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram (sleep study).
Space Maintainer
A passive appliance, usually cemented in place, that holds teeth in position.
Splint
A device used to support, protect, or immobilize oral structures that have been loosened, replanted, fractured or traumatized. Also refers to devices used in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ).
Succedaneous Tooth
A permanent tooth that replaces a primary (deciduous) tooth.
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The connecting hinge mechanism between the base of the skull (temporal bone) and the lower jaw (mandible).
Third-Party Payer (Insurance)
An organization other than the patient (first party) or health care provider (second party) involved in the financing of personal health services.
Treatment Plan
The sequential guide for the patient's care as determined by the dentist's diagnosis and is used by the dentist for the restoration to and/or maintenance of optimal oral health.
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Unerupted (Tooth)
Tooth or teeth that have not penetrated into the oral cavity.
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Veneer
A thin covering of the facial surface of a tooth usually constructed of tooth colored material used to restore discolored, damaged, misshapen or misaligned teeth.
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Waiting Period (Insurance)
The period of time between employment or enrollment in a dental program and the date when a covered person becomes eligible for a given benefit.
Whitening (See Bleaching)
Wisdom Teeth
A wisdom tooth is in humans any of the third molars, including mandibular third molar and maxillary third molar. Wisdom teeth usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have more, in which case they are called supernumerary teeth. Wisdom teeth commonly affect other teeth as they develop, becoming impacted or "coming in sideways". They are often extracted when this occurs.
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X-rays (See Radiographs)
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Tooth Chart Common Questions
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Tooth Chart (permanent)
Because you are viewing the chart as if you are looking at the patient's mouth, the Left and Right sides will appear to be reversed.
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1. 3rd Molar (wisdom tooth) 2. 2nd Molar (12-year molar) 3. 1st Molar (6-year molar) 4. 2nd Bicuspid (2nd premolar) 5. 1st Bicuspid (1st premolar) 6. Cuspid (canine/eye tooth) 7. Lateral incisor 8. Central incisor 9. Central incisor 10. Lateral incisor 11. Cuspid (canine/eye tooth) 12. 1st Bicuspid (1st premolar) 13. 2nd Bicuspid (2nd premolar) 14. 1st Molar (6-year molar) 15. 2nd Molar (12-year molar) 16. 3rd Molar (wisdom tooth) 17. 3rd Molar (wisdom tooth) 18. 2nd Molar (12-year molar) 19. 1st Molar (6-year molar) 20. 2nd Bicuspid (2nd premolar) 21. 1st Bicuspid (1st premolar) 22. Cuspid (canine/eye tooth) 23. Lateral incisor 24. Central incisor 25. Central incisor 26. Lateral incisor 27. Cuspid (canine/eye tooth) 28. 1st Bicuspid (1st premolar) 29. 2nd Bicuspid (2nd premolar) 30. 1st Molar (6-year molar) 31. 2nd Molar (12-year molar) 32. 3rd Molar (wisdom tooth) |
Common Questions
The information on this website is provided for general information and educational purposes only. It is not meant to replace professional dental care and the advice of your dentist. If you are having a dental problem please Contact Us to schedule a visit with one of Our Dentists.
Can I afford to see a dentist...even if I don't have insurance?
Can I get braces for my kids...without breaking the bank?
What should I do during a dental emergency?
How do cavities start and what can I do to prevent them?
What kind of toothpaste should I use?
Is flossing really that important? I don't floss and my teeth seem fine.
Can a dental problem affect any other areas of my body?
What is Gum Disease?
What are the signs of Oral Cancer and what steps can I take to prevent it?
Other than the color, is there a difference between amalgam (silver) fillings and composite (white) fillings?
What is a sealant and does my child need them?
My dentist told me I need a root canal. Why shouldn't I just have the tooth pulled instead?
I don't have any pain or obvious dental problems, do I still need to see a dentist for regular checkups?
I want to whiten my teeth. What is the difference between the whitening my dental office can perform and the whitening kits I would buy in a store?
I'm afraid of the dentist, what should I do to keep a healthy smile?
My teeth are crooked and I have a space in the front that I find unsightly. I don't want to get braces - do I have any other options?
You'll be surprised how affordable quality dentistry can be!
We will work with you to help you get the care you need. Chestnut Hills Dental participates with many Dental and Medical Insurance Plans and we offer two different DCA Discount Programs to help you save money!
If you don't have insurance and are not interested in the affordable DCA Discount Programs, we also offer a variety of other Financial Options. We'll help you get the quality dentistry you need. Contact Us for more information, we will be happy to go over your options in more detail!
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What should I do during a dental emergency?
Any injury to the teeth or gums can be potentially serious and should not be ignored even if you are not currently experiencing pain. Ignoring a dental problem can increase the risk of permanent damage as well as the need for more extensive (and expensive) treatment later on. If you feel you are in need of urgent assistance please contact your dentist immediately and/or visit your closest emergency care facility.
The following is a basic summary of the first steps to take when dealing with some common dental problems.
Toothache
Rinse your mouth with warm water. Use dental floss to remove any food that may be lodged in between teeth. If your mouth is swollen, apply a cold compress to the outside of your mouth or cheek. See your dentist as soon as possible.
Chipped or broken tooth
Save any pieces. Rinse the mouth using warm water; rinse any of the broken tooth pieces. If there is bleeding, apply a piece of gauze to the area for about 10 minutes or until the bleeding stops. Apply a cold compress to the outside of the mouth, cheek, or lip near the broken/chipped tooth to keep any swelling down and relieve pain. Contact your dentist immediately.
Dislodged (or knocked out) tooth
Retrieve the tooth, hold it by the crown (the part that is usually exposed in the mouth), and rinse off the tooth root with water. Do not scrub it or remove any attached tissue fragments. If possible, try to put the tooth back in place. Make sure it's facing the proper direction in the mouth but never force it into the socket. If it's not possible to reinsert the tooth in the socket, put the tooth in a small container of milk (or cup of water that contains a pinch of table salt, if milk is not available). In all cases, see your dentist or visit your nearest emergency facility immediately. Teeth that were knocked out have the the highest chances of being saved if treated by the dentist and returned to their socket within 1 hour or less of being knocked out.
Partially dislodged tooth
Contact your dentist immediately. Until you reach your dentist's office, you may apply a cold compress to the outside of the mouth or cheek in the affected area to help relieve pain. If this doesn't relieve the pain you may take a pain reliever (such as Tylenol or Advil). Be sure to let your dentist know what medications you took and at what time.
Object caught between teeth
Try using dental floss to carefully remove the object. If you can't get the object dislodged, contact your dentist. Never use a sharp item (such as a pin) to poke at the object. These items can cut gum tissue and/or scratch tooth surface.
Lost filling
Until you can get in to see your dentist, an over-the-counter (temporary) dental cement may be purchased at your local pharmacy. Contact your dentist as soon as possible.
Lost crown
If you have a a crown that falls off contact your dentist as soon as possible and bring the crown to your appointment. If you can't get to the dentist right away and the tooth is causing discomfort, use a cotton swab to apply a little clove oil to the sensitive area (clove oil can be purchased at your local drug store or in the spice aisle of your grocery store).
If possible, slip the crown back over the tooth. Before doing so, you may coat the inner surface with an over-the-counter dental wax, dental cement, or denture adhesive, to help hold the crown in place. Only use products that are specifically designed for dental use. Remember, this is not a permanent fix and you will need to see your dentist.
Abscess
An abscess is an infection that occur around the root of a tooth or in the space between the teeth and gums. An abscess can damage tissue and surrounding teeth and the the infection could spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Due to the serious health problems that can result from an abscess be sure to see your dentist as soon as possible. An abscess is a swelling on your gum that usually is painful and looks much like a pimple. To ease the discomfort until you can see your dentist, try rinsing your mouth with a mild salt water solution (1/2 teaspoon of table salt in 8 ounces of water) several times a day.
Soft-tissue injuries
Injuries to the soft tissues (which include the tongue, cheeks, gums and lips) can result in serious bleeding. To control bleeding, you may try the following: Rinse your mouth with a mild salt-water solution. Use a moistened piece of gauze or tea bag to apply pressure to the bleeding site. Hold in place for 15 to 20 minutes. To both control bleeding and relieve pain, hold a cold compress to the outside of the mouth or cheek in the affected area for 5 to 10 minutes. See your dentist right away or if the bleeding doesn't stop and your dentist can't see you immediately go to a local emergency care facility. Continue to apply pressure on the bleeding site with the gauze until you can be seen and treated. Do not allow bleeding to continue without professional care.
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How do cavities start and what can I do to prevent them?
Tooth decay causes cavities and destroys tooth structure. It can spread if left unchecked and affect both the tooth enamel and the inner layer of the tooth (dentin). Tooth decay occurs when foods containing sugars and starches are left on the teeth. Bacteria live in the mouth and it causes these foods to turn into acids. The bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine to form bacterial plaque. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that sticks to teeth. The acids in plaque stick to teeth, dissolve the enamel and create holes called cavities. Regular brushing with a fluoride toothpaste and flossing with a can help prevent tooth decay.
The main reason that children are more likely to have new cavities is because their teeth are still developing and are less mineralized (or softer) than adult teeth. A child's teeth will not be fully developed until their late teenage years. During this period it is important to be sure that the area where the teeth meet the gums is being brushed well enough to remove all plaque and food particles. This will prevent decay from forming at the gum line and maintain healthy gums. Having the child floss every day, perhaps while doing something else such as during their favorite TV show is an excellent way to for a healthy flossing habit. Sealants can be applied to all the adult back teeth and will help prevent cavities on the chewing surface where food and bacteria can be present in the deeper grooves of the teeth. Your dentist can give you information on a regular fluoride program for your child to help in the fight against tooth decay.
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What kind of toothpaste should I use?
If you've visited the toothpaste aisle in your local store lately you'll find there is a huge variety of toothpastes available. Many of them are targeting multiple dental issues such as whitening with tarter control or freshening breath with whitening. It is the process of mechanically removing food particles off the surface of the teeth (and flossing between the teeth) that is most important. Allowing food particles to remain on the surface of your teeth is what allows the process of tooth decay to begin. Most commercial toothpastes contain a mild abrasive which helps remove plaque. The easy answer is with regular brushing (and flossing) and a toothpaste that contains fluoride, it is really about taste and personal preference for a general toothpaste choice. If you have sensitive teeth there are also a number of toothpastes available to help alleviate those symptoms. Talk with your dentist for more information.
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Is flossing really that important? I don't floss and my teeth seem fine.
Flossing regularly in combination with brushing maybe be the single most important thing you can do for your mouth. It has been said that your mouth is a door to your body. Many things that enter the body has come in through your mouth, whether it is food, liquids or bacteria. Bad and harmful bacteria, which are located in dental plaque, cannot be removed only by brushing alone and will remain in your mouth. Plaque is a soft and white accumulation of micro-organisms. It contains about 400 different species of bacteria, and billions of individual germs in each milligram of plaque. Most of these germs are harmful, but some can be very damaging for the teeth or the gums when they gather in thick layers.
Dentists and dental hygienists always insist on the importance of flossing, and recommend doing it twice a day. Here are some good reasons why you should floss regularly:
Floss to prevent tooth decay. Dental plaque can cause cavities if it’s left between teeth. When mixed with sugar or starches, the bacteria that live in plaque can start the process of tooth decay. This is why it’s bad for plaque to be left in your mouth. Brushing alone does not clean in between teeth, only dental floss can remove plaque in those areas.
Floss to prevent gum disease. Gingivitis (inflammation of gums) is the first stage of gum disease (periodontal disease). It is caused by an accumulation of plaque around gums and between teeth. Flossing is important to remove all plaque accumulated on the teeth.
Floss to prevent halitosis. Dental plaque is one of the causes of halitosis (bad breath), and if it’s left between your teeth, it will generate a bad smell in your mouth. This odor comes from the metabolism of the bacteria contained in plaque. Bad breath can also be caused by gum disease and tooth decay (which are also primarily caused by plaque).
Floss to prevent tartar build up. Tartar is actually dental plaque that has become hard from the saliva’s calcifying action. Good oral hygiene practices, which include brushing and flossing, can slow down the accumulation of tartar, but does not actually remove it. Some people produce tartar more than others. Regular dental cleanings are recommended to remove tartar.
Floss to reduce the risk of heart disease. Again, the mouth is an entry point to your body for harmful bacteria that may eventually reach the organs, including cardiac tissue. Dental plaque, which contains dangerous bacteria, must be eliminated to prevent those micro-organisms to reach the heart through the blood stream and cause heart disease complications.
Floss to avoid the complications with diabetes. Scientific evidence shows that people who suffer from diabetes can have their condition complicated by gum disease. Diabetics usually have a weaker immune system and take more time to fight inflammations and infections, including the ones that start in the mouth. That’s why good oral hygiene, which includes daily brushing and flossing, is very important to prevent diseases, or disease complications, such as with diabetes.
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Can a dental problem affect any other areas of my body?
Yes. Clinical studies show a strong relationship between dental infections and other infections in the body. We are learning that we must have good oral health in order to have good overall health. Your mouth is a doorway (or entry point) to your body. This is the ideal area for bacteria and infection to spread into other areas of your body. Studies also show a link between gum disease and heart disease as well as gum disease causing complications with diabetes.
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What is Gum Disease?
Gingivitis, also known as the first stage of gum disease, is a serious infection of the gum and bone surrounding the teeth. As the disease progresses the bone that holds teeth in place is eroded away. Eventually this can lead to tooth loss, if the gum disease is not treated.
Symptoms include: Bleeding gums (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth), bright red or reddish-purple appearance to gums, gums that are tender when touched, mouth sores, swollen gums, shiny appearance to gums.
Clinical studies show a strong relationship between dental infections and other infections in the body. We are learning that we must have good oral health in order to have good overall health.
Gum disease is treated in a variety of ways depending on the stage, how you have responded to earlier treatments, and your overall health. Treatments range from nonsurgical therapies that control bacterial growth to surgery to restore supportive tissues. Ask your dentist for more information on gingivitis.
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What are the signs of Oral Cancer and what steps can I take to prevent it?
Oral cancer is a type of cancer that occurs on the lips, inside the mouth, on the back of the throat, the tonsils or salivary glands. It occurs more frequently in men than women, and most likely to strike people over 40 years old. Smoking in combination with heavy alcohol use is a key risk factor. If not detected early, oral cancer can require surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. It can also be fatal, with an overall five-year survival rate of approximately 50 percent. Part of the reason for this poor prognosis is a failure to recognize the early symptoms, so detecting oral cancer early is the key to successful treatment.
What are the Symptoms of Oral Cancer? You won't always be able to spot the earliest warning signs of oral cancer, which is why regular check-ups with both your dentist and physician are so important. Your dentist is trained to detect early warning signs of oral cancer. However, in addition to check-ups, you should see your dentist if you do notice any of the following: A sore on the lips, gums, or inside of your mouth that bleeds easily and doesn't heal, a lump or thickening in the cheek that you can feel with your tongue, loss of feeling or numbness in any part of your mouth, white or red patches on the gums, tongue or inside of mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing food, soreness or unexplained pain in your mouth, or feeling that something is caught in your throat with no known cause, swelling of the jaw causing dentures to fit poorly, or a change in voice.
How can I Prevent Oral Cancer? If you don't chew or smoke tobacco — don't start. Tobacco use accounts for 80 to 90 percent of oral cancers. Smoking — the link between smoking, lung cancer and heart disease is well established. Smoking also affects your general health, making it harder to fight infections and recover from injuries or surgery. Among young adults, smoking can lead to stunted growth and other developmental difficulties. Many smokers find they can't smell or taste as well as before, and risk developing bad breath and stained teeth. Your oral health is also at risk every time you light up. Smoking cigarettes, a pipe or a cigar greatly increases your chances of developing cancer of the larynx, mouth, throat and esophagus. Because so many people are not aware of or ignore early symptoms, oral cancer often spreads before it is detected. Chewing Tobacco — chronic users of smokeless tobacco are 50 times more likely to develop oral cancer than non-users. It's best to avoid smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes, chewing tobacco or dipping snuff. People who stop using tobacco, even after many years of use, greatly reduce their risk for oral cancer. Chronic and/or heavy use of alcohol also increases your risk of cancer, and alcohol combined with tobacco creates an especially high risk.
How is Oral Cancer Treated? After a diagnosis has been made, a team of specialists (including an oral surgeon and dentist) develops a treatment plan to fit each patient's needs. Surgery is usually required, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. It's important to see a dentist who's familiar with the changes these therapies may cause in the mouth. Each time you consume foods and drinks that contain sugars or starches, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack your teeth for 20 minutes or more. To reduce damage to your tooth enamel, limit the number or between meal snacks and drinks. And when you do snack, choose nutritious foods such as cheese, raw vegetables, plain yogurt or fruit.
What Oral Side Effects Occur with Radiation Therapy? When radiation therapy is used for the head and neck area, many people experience irritation in the mouth, dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing and changes in taste. Radiation also increases the chances of getting cavities, that's why it is especially important to take good care of your teeth, gums, mouth and throat during radiation treatment. Be sure to talk regularly with your cancer specialist and dentist about any mouth problems you might have during and after radiation treatment. Also, discuss with your dentist, prior to starting head and neck cancer therapy, what you can do before, during and after your therapy to help prevent the possible oral side effects.
How can I Maintain Oral Health During my Therapy? Be sure to brush with a soft toothbrush after meals and floss daily. Avoid spices and coarse foods like raw vegetables, dry crackers and nuts. Also avoid tobacco and alcohol. Eat or chew sugar-free gum or candy to keep your mouth moist. Before starting radiation therapy, notify your dentist and make an appointment for a complete checkup. Ask your dentist to consult with your radiation oncologist before your radiation treatment begins.
The explanation for this answer was taken from Colgate's article on Oral Cancer.
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Other than the color, is there a difference between amalgam (silver) fillings and composite (white) fillings?
Amalgam (often referred to as silver) fillings have been used as restorations for filling cavities for years by dentists for some of the following reasons - ease of use, durability and low cost. Some of the cons to an amalgam filling material are as follows: Independent research has shown that Amalgam fillings may leak harmful mercury into the body. A dentist is not able to take a radiograph (or x-ray) through a tooth that has an amalgam filling. This is a problem because if you have tooth decay underneath your amalgam filling your dentist may not see the decay on the radiograph. Saving the tooth can become very expensive if the decay is aloud to progress under the filling for a length of time. Leakage is also a problem in some cases with an amalgam filling. When a filling is placed inside a cavity small amounts of bacteria may leak in between the amalgam and your tooth which may lead to further tooth decay. And finally, the appearance of an amalgam filling is considered unsightly to some.
A white (or tooth colored) composite filling will blend in with your natural teeth. Composite fillings are bonded to the inside walls of your teeth leaving very little opportunity for micro leakage from bacteria being trapped in between the filling (such as the case with amalgams) and the remaining tooth structure. In many cases a composite filling would be preferably but there is usually an increased cost to the patient for the benefits it provides. The best thing to do is discuss it with your dentist and weigh out the pros and cons of both types of fillings.
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What is a sealant and does my child need them?
Sealants are a polymer resin that is brushed on the chewing surface of your child's adult teeth. This polymer resin is bonded to the surface of the tooth with an ultra violet light. This is an excellent procedure for the purpose of preventive dentistry. Your child's teeth have many grooves (pits and fissures) on the chewing surface. When sealants are not used, food particles and bacteria will accumulate in these grooves and begin decay. This decay leads to lactic acid being created which destroys tooth enamel and leaves a cavity that needs to be filled. The sealants act as a protective coating between the lactic acids and the tooth enamel. This procedure is relatively inexpensive and considerably less expensive than filling a cavity later on. Talk to your dentist or hygienist for more information.
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My dentist told me I need a root canal. Why shouldn't I just have the tooth pulled instead?
Contrary to popular belief, root canal treatment can be performed with no or minimal discomfort. A root canal is a treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is severely decayed and/or becomes infected. During a root canal procedure, the nerve and pulp is removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and sealed with a plastic material. A tooth's nerve is not vitally important to a tooth's health and function after the tooth has erupted. Its function is sensory and will not affect the day-to-day functioning of the tooth. After root canal therapy has been completed, it is often necessary to protect the tooth with a restoration that increases strength. An example includes a custom made post to support the tooth and dental crown to strengthen and protect the remaining natural tooth surface.
An extraction could be an immediate solution, however there are many clinical reasons why one tooth extraction can lead to a domino effect of tooth loss in the future. Without the tooth in place you will be left with an unsightly gap and the possibility that the surrounding teeth may shift due to this space, causing other issues later on.
Your dentist will advise you on the best option to maintain your natural tooth after root canal treatment is complete. If you have any questions regarding root canals, please contact our office
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I don't have any pain or obvious dental problems, do I still need to see a dentist for regular checkups?
Yes! Many dental problems will not present symptoms until they are in advanced stages, leading to more costly treatment down the road. Your dentist has the expertise and tools to diagnose and treat many oral health issues you may not even know exist. If anxiety about visiting your dentist is the problem please see our question and answer about that below. If finances are a concern or you don't have dental insurance remember that we have many payment options available and preventative treatment now is going to cost less than more extensive treatment later. We also offer a very affordable dental discount plan. Not having insurance means that preventive maintenance and regular cleanings are a must for you. Due to the expense of operative dentistry, getting your teeth cleaned twice a year and having small cavities filled is far less expensive than waiting for a tooth ache to come along, which may require a root canal or a crown.
Visiting your dentist regularly for check ups and cleanings allows you to maintain a healthier mouth. Small cavities can be filled before they become too deep and require major operative dentistry. Studies have shown that in the long run people who visit their dentist on a regular basis spend far less money than those who wait for something to start hurting before making a dental appointment. Call one of our offices to schedule your appointment today.
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I want to whiten my teeth. What is the difference between the whitening my dental office can perform and the whitening kits I would buy in a store?
Tooth whitening is very popular today. It is an affordable and quick technique that often times dramatically enhances a person's smile. Many teeth whitening systems are available - these include whitening toothpastes, over-the counter gels, strips and trays, and whitening agents obtained from a dentist. Your dentist can also give you information on professional whitening treatments done in-office such as BriteSmile or Zoom which can whiten teeth up to 8+ shades in an hour (which is dramatically whiter and faster than the standard trays, strips or gels).
In general, individuals who are good candidates for tooth whitening will obtain the best results from the whitening products obtained from a dental professional. Teeth whitening is ideal for people who have healthy gums, minimal crowns/bridges, posterior fillings or minimally restored teeth, no dental recession or sensitivity (as whitening agents can sometimes irritate the gums). Individuals with yellow tones to their teeth respond very well to tooth whitening. Individuals who have dark brown or gray tones to their teeth may be a better candidate for other cosmetic procedures, such as porcelain veneers or dental crowns. It is important to talk to your dentist to find out if you are a good candidate for tooth whitening.
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I'm afraid of the dentist, what should I do to keep a healthy smile?
Regular visits to your dentist are key to a healthy smile and good oral health. Start by talking to your dentist about the proposed treatment. Modern dentistry can be virtually painless and there are usually multiple options for the fearful or anxious patient - some of which include: Hand signals - the patient and dentist agree that if any pain or anxiety is felt during the procedure the patient will raise their hand to alert the dentist. Distraction techniques - some dentists like to use headphones with CD's so the patient can listen to something while the procedure is going on. Other dentists may have an interesting mural in a location the patient can see it to focus on. Relaxation Techniques - When you're tense or fearful your body releases stress chemicals - such as adrenaline. These chemicals cause a variety of physical responses including your muscles tightening, you breathe faster, and the pain receptors in your brain become more sensitive. These reactions themselves can make you feel more fearful and anxious and it becomes a downward spiral. Relieving the tension can head off this response. Some of our dentists like to offer our patients a relaxation/meditation CD and headphones during the procedure. You may also practice some deep breathing or muscle group relaxation techniques before the procedure begins (focusing on each muscle group and willing that area to relax and release). Pain Management - Fear of pain is the main reason most people avoid seeing their dentist. Here are a few examples of pain management techniques: Topical anesthetics — Applied with a swab, topical anesthetics are used routinely to numb an area of the mouth or gum prior to the injection of a local anesthetic. Laser drills — Recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), laser drills may cause far less pain than conventional mechanical models. They can be used to prepare some cavities for fillings. Conscious sedation - an oral form of sedation that leaves the patient awake but in a very relaxed state. Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) — The gas helps people feel relaxed or even euphoric, and the effects wear off quickly once the gas is turned off. Nitrous oxide generally is used as a supplement to other drugs, not as a replacement. Intravenous sedation — This technique usually is reserved for patients who are undergoing extensive dental procedures, although it can be used for those who are simply too anxious to have dental treatment done otherwise. A tranquilizer is injected into a vein in the hand or arm. The patient will be awake, but deeply relaxed. General anesthesia — This involves putting the patient to "sleep" for the duration of the procedure. Some of our specialists have the equipment and training to perform general anesthesia in the office. Because of the risks of side effects general anesthesia should be only used when other forms of sedation or pain control aren't enough. Talk to your dentist about the different forms of anesthesia available.
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My teeth are crooked and I have a space in the front that I find unsightly. I don't want to get braces - do I have any other options?
You have many options available today including crowns, veneers, bonding and a variety of other cosmetic procedures. Also, Invisalign may be an option for you. Remember that the braces from years ago are not the same as what is available today. Ask your dentist for treatment options and review all the pros and cons including cost, time, and how invasive each procedure is.
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Dental Terminology
- A -
Abscess
Acute or chronic localized inflammation, probably with a collection of pus, associated with tissue destruction and, frequently, swelling; usually secondary to infection.
Abutment
A tooth or implant fixture used as a support for a prosthesis.
Adult Dentition
The permanent teeth of adulthood that either replace the primary dentition or erupt distally to the primary molars.
Aesthetic Dentistry (See Cosmetic Dentistry)
Alveolar
Referring to the bone to which a tooth is attached.
Amalgam (Filling or Restoration)
An alloy used in direct dental restorations. Typically composed of mercury, silver, tin and copper along with other metallic elements added to improve physical and mechanical properties.
Anesthesia
A general term referring to a variety of sedation and pain control techniques. Deep Sedation - a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. The ability to maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and a positive pressure ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired. General Anesthesia - A drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Patients often require assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and positive pressure ventilation may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function. Cardiovascular function may be impaired. Local Anesthesia - The elimination of sensation, especially pain, in one part of the body by the topical application or regional injection of a drug. Nitrous Oxide (inhaled) - A technique of administration in which a gaseous agent (nitrous oxide) is introduced into the lungs and whose primary effect is due to absorption through the gas/blood interface. Oral Sedation - A type of sedation where the patient takes medication in the form of a pill orally. The patient is normally semi-conscious, in a very relaxed state.
Anterior
Refers to the teeth and tissues located toward the front of the mouth.
Apex
The tip or end of the root end of the tooth.
Arch (Dental)
The curved composite structure of the natural dentition and the residual ridge, or the remains thereof, after the loss of some or all of the natural teeth. Maxillary arch is the upper arch. Mandibular arch is the lower arch.
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Benefit (Insurance)
The amount payable by a third party toward the cost of various covered dental services. Also refers to the dental service or procedure covered by the plan.
Bicuspid
A premolar tooth; a tooth with two cusps. [see definition of cusp]
Bilateral
Occurring on, or pertaining to, both right and left sides.
Biopsy
The process of removing tissue for histologic evaluation.
Bitewing (Radiograph)
A form of dental radiograph (or x-ray) that may be taken with the long axis of the image oriented either horizontally or vertically, that reveals approximately the coronal halves of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and portions of the interdental alveolar septa on the same image.
Bleaching (also Whitening)
The process of lightening the teeth, usually using a chemical oxidizing agent and sometimes in the presence of heat. Removal of deep seated intrinsic or acquired discolorations from crows of vital and non-vital teeth through the use of chemicals, sometimes in combination with light and heat. Bleaching has been achieved through short and long term applications of pastes or solutions containing various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. Normally applied externally to teeth; may be used internally for endodontically treated teeth.
Bonding
Process by which two or more components are made integral by mechanical and/or chemical adhesion at their interface.
Bridge (Fixed Partial Denture)
A prosthetic replacement of one or more missing teeth cemented or otherwise attached to the abutment teeth or implant replacements.
Bruxism
The parafunctional (other than normal function or use) grinding of teeth.
Buccal
Pertaining to or toward the cheek (as in the buccal surface of a posterior tooth).
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- C -
Calculus
Hard deposit of mineralized substance adhering to crowns and/or roots of teeth or prosthetic devices.
Caries
Commonly used term for tooth decay.
Cavity
Missing tooth structure. A cavity may be due to decay, erosion or abrasion. If caused by caries (tooth decay) also referred to as carious lesion.
CDT (Current Dental Terminology)
A listing of descriptive terms and identifying codes developed by the American Medical Association (AMA) for reporting practitioner services and procedures to medical plans and medicare.
Cleft Palate
Congenital deformity resulting in lack of fusion of the soft and/or hard palate, either partial or complete.
Clenching
The clamping and pressing of the jaws and teeth together in centric occlusion, frequently associated with psychological or physical effort.
Composite (Resin)
A dental restorative material made up of disparate or separate parts (i.e. resin and quarts particles). Sometimes referred to as a "white filling" and used in place of an amalgam material.
Consultation
In a dental setting, a diagnostic service provided by a dentist where the dentist, patient, or other parties (i.e. another dentist, physician, or legal guardian) discuss the patient's dental needs and proposed treatment modalities.
Copayment
Beneficiary's share of the dentist's fee after the benefit has been paid.
Core Buildup
The replacement of a part or all of the crown of a tooth whose purpose is to provide a base for the retention of an indirectly fabricated crown.
Coronal
Refers to the crown of a tooth.
Cosmetic Dentistry
Also referred to as Aesthetic Dentistry. Those services provided by dentists solely for the purpose of improving the appearance when form and function are satisfactory and no pathological conditions exist. Can be combined with other forms of dentistry to create a beautiful smile along with correcting a dental problem.
Coverage (Insurance)
Benefits available to an individual covered under a dental benefit plan.
Crown
There are a number of different crown references. Abutment Crown - an artificial crown serving for the retention or support of a dental prosthesis. Anatomical Crown - That portion of tooth normally covered by, and including, enamel. Artificial Crown - Restoration covering or replacing the major part, or the whole of the clinical crown of a tooth. Clinical Crown - That portion of a tooth not covered by tissue.
Crown Lengthening
A surgical procedure exposing more tooth for restorative purposes by apically positioning the gingival margin and removing supporting bone.
Cusp
Pointed or rounded eminence on or near the masticating surface of a tooth.
Cuspid
Single cusped tooth located between the incisors and bicuspids. [see definition of Cusp]
Cyst
Pathological cavity, usually lined with epithelium, containing fluid or soft matter.
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- D -
Debridement
Removal of subgingival and/or supragingival plaque and calculus which obstructs the ability to perform an evaluation; removal of contused and devitalized tissue from a wound surface.
Decay
The lay term for carious lesions in a tooth; decomposition of tooth structure.
Deciduous
Having the property of falling off or shedding; a term used to describe the primary teeth.
Dentin
Hard tissue which forms the bulk of the tooth and develops from the dental papilla and dental pulp, and in the mature state is mineralized.
Dentistry
The evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body; provided by a dentist, within the scope of his/her education, training and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law.
Dentition
The teeth in the dental arch. There are different dentitions based on which stage the patient is in - usually coincides with the age of the patient.
Denture
An artificial substitute for some or all of the natural teeth and adjacent tissues.
Diagnostic
Codes under this category are for procedures used to evaluate, diagnose and treatment plan. Evaluations, Radiographs, Tests and other diagnostic procedures would fall under this CDT category.
Diastema
A space, such as one between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch.
Distal
Surface or position of a tooth most distant from the median line of the arch.
Dry Socket
Localized inflammation of the tooth socket following extraction due to infection or loss of blood clot; osteitis.
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- E -
Edentulous
Without teeth.
Enamel
Hard calcified tissue covering dentin of the crown of a tooth.
Endodontics
A branch of dentistry which is concerned with the morphology, physiology and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Its study and practice encompass the basic clinical sciences including biology of the normal pulp, the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions.
EOB (Explanation of Benefits)
A written statement to a beneficiary from a third party payer, after a claim has been reported, indicating the benefit/charges covered or not covered by the dental plan.
Evaluation
The patient assessment that may include gathering of information through interview, observation, examination, and use of specific tests that allow a dentist to diagnose existing conditions. There are various types of evaluations.
Extracoronal
Outside the crown of a tooth.
Extraoral
Outside the oral cavity.
Extraction
The process or act of removing a tooth or tooth parts.
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Facial
The surface of a tooth directed toward the cheeks or lips (i.e. the buccal and labial surfaces) and opposite the lingual surface.
Filling
A lay term used for the restoring of lost tooth structure by using materials such as metal, alloy, plastic or porcelain. Also referred to as a restoration.
Fluoride Treatment
The direct oral application of fluoride compounds to reduce the incidence of dental caries.
Frenum
Muscle fibers covered by a mucous membrane that attaches the cheek, lips and/or tongue to associated dental mucosa.
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Gingiva
Soft tissues overlying the crowns of unerupted teeth and encircling the necks of those that have erupted. Also referred to as "gums".
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gingival tissue without loss of connective tissue. Also referred to as Gum Disease.
Gingivectomy
The excision or removal of gingiva.
Gums (see Gingiva)
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- H -
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. A federal law that includes Administration Simplification Provisions that require all health plans, including ERISA, as well as health care clearinghouses and any dentist who transmits health information in an electronic transaction, to use a standard format. The HIPAA standard electronic dental claim also requires use of the ADA's Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature code set. Paper transactions are not subject to this requirement. Please see our Privacy Statement for more information.
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- I -
Imaging (Diagnostic)
This would include, but is not limited to, CAT scans, MRI's, photographs, radiographs, etc.
Impacted Tooth
An unerupted or partially erupted tooth that is positioned against another tooth, bone or soft tissue so that complete eruption is unlikely.
Implant (Dental)
A device specifically designed to be placed surgically within or on the mandibular or maxillary bone as a means of providing for dental replacement.
Incisal
Pertaining to the biting edges of the incisor and cuspid teeth.
Incisor
A tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth of both jaws.
Inlay
A fixed intracoronal restoration; a dental restoration made outside of the oral cavity to correspond to the form of the prepared cavity, which is then luted into the tooth.
Insurance (Dental)
A third party payer that the beneficiary has a contract or agreement with pertaining to the payment or discount of dental treatment fees.
Intercoronal
Referring to "within" the crown of a tooth.
Intraoral
Inside the mouth.
Intravenous Sedation (see Anesthesia)
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- J -
Jaw
A common name for either the maxilla or mandible.
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- K -
Keratin
A protein present in all cuticular structures of the body, such as hair, epidermis and horns.
Keratinized Gingiva
The oral surface of the gingiva extending from the mucogingival junction to the gingival margin. In gingival health, the coronal portion of the sulcular epithelium may also be keratinized.
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- L -
Labial
Pertaining to or around the lip.
Lesion
An injury or wound; area of diseased tissue.
Lingual
Pertaining to or around the tongue; surface of the tooth directed toward the tongue; opposite of facial.
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- M -
Malocclusion
Improper alignment of biting or chewing surfaces of upper and lower teeth.
Mandible
The lower jaw.
Mandibular
Referring to the lower arch of teeth. [ See Tooth Chart ]
Maxilla
The upper jaw.
Maxillary
Referring to the upper arch of teeth. [ See Tooth Chart ]
Maxillofacial
Of or relating to the upper jaw and face (particularly with reference to specialized surgery of the maxilla); "maxillofacial surgery".
Mesial
Nearer the middle line of the body or the surface of a tooth nearer the center of the dental arch.
Midline
The line that separates the left and right sides of the mouth (both upper and lower arches).
Molar
Teeth posterior to the premolars (bicuspids) on either side of the jaw; grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces.
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- N -
Neuromuscular
Affecting or characteristic of both neural and muscular tissue
Nitrous Oxide
A mixture of gasses used for dental sedation. [ See Anesthesia ]
Non-Participating (Insurance)
NPI
National Provider Identifier (NPI) is an identifier assigned by the federal government to all providers considered to be HIPAA covered entities. Dentists who are not covered entities may elect to obtain an NPI at their discretion, or may be enumerated if required by a participating provider agreement with a third-party payer, or applicable state law/regulation.
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- O -
Occlusal
Pertaining to the biting surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth or contacting surfaces of opposing teeth or opposing occlusion rims.
Occlusion
Any contact between biting or chewing surfaces or maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth.
Onlay
A restoration that restores one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surfaces or the entire occlusal surface is retained by the mechanical or adhesive means.
Oral Cavity
Refers to the mouth.
Orthodontics
A dental specialty that includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, and correction of malocclusion, as well as neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities of the developing or mature orofacial structures.
Orthotic Device
Apparatus used to support, align, prevent or correct deformities, or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the federal agency in the US responsible for making and enforcing employee safety regulations.
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- P -
Palate
The hard and soft tissues forming the roof of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities.
Palliative
Action that relieves pain but is not curative.
Panoramic Radiograph
An external projection whereby the entire mandible, maxilla, teeth and other nearby structures are portrayed on a single image, as if the jaws were flattened out.
Participating (Insurance)
When a dentist or dental organization agrees to a set of acceptable fees and limitations given by a third-party payer (generally an insurance company). A contract is signed and the dental provider makes an adjustment from their full fee on a certain code to the contracted fee. The patient may then be charged all of or a portion of this contracted fee.
Payer
A self-insured employer, insurance company, government agency or other party responsible for payment of health care claims of covered persons.
Periapical
The area surrounding the end of the tooth root.
Periodontics
A specialty of dentistry which encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues.
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of the connective tissue of the supporting or surrounding tooth structure of teeth with loss of attachment.
Plaque
A soft, sticky substance that accumulates on teeth composed largely of bacteria and bacterial derivatives.
Pontic
The term used for an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture (bridge).
Posterior
Refers to the teeth and tissues toward the back of the mouth (distal to the canines); maxillary and mandibular premolars or molars. [ See Tooth Chart ]
PPO
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is a formal agreement between a purchaser of a dental benefit program and a defined group of dentists for the delivery of dental services to a specific patient population, as an adjunct to a traditional plan, using discounted fees for cost savings.
Preauthorization (See Predetermination)
Predetermination
A process where a dentist submits a treatment plan to the payer before treatment begins. The payer reviews the treatment plan and notifies the dentist and patient of one or more of the following: patient's eligibility, covered services, amounts payable, co-payments, deductible and maximum amounts. A predetermination does not guarantee payment.
Premedication
The use of medications prior to dental procedures.
Premolar (See Bicuspid)
Preventative (Category)
Aspects of dentistry concerned with promoting good oral health function by preventing or reducing the onset and/or development of oral diseases or deformities and the occurrence of orofacial injuries.
Prophylaxis
Commonly referred to as a dental "cleaning". The removal of plaque, calculus and stains from the tooth structures. It is intended to control local irritational factors.
Prosthodontics
The dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes.
Pulp (Tooth)
Connective tissues that contain blood vessels and nerve tissue which occupies the pulp cavity of a tooth.
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- Q -
Quadrant
One of the four equal sections into which the dental arches can be divided; begins at the middle of the arch and extends distally to the last tooth.
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- R -
Radiographs (X-rays)
An image or picture produced on a radiation sensitive film, phosphorous plate, emulsion or digital sensor by exposure to ionizing radiation.
Rebase
Process of refitting a denture by replacing the base material.
Reline
Process of resurfacing the tissue side of a removable prosthesis.
Restorative Dentistry
The study, diagnosis and integrated management of diseases of the teeth and their supporting structures and the rehabilitation of the dentition to functional and aesthetic requirements of the individual. Restorative dentistry encompasses the dental specialties of endodontics, periodontics and prosthetics and its foundation is based upon how these interact in cases requiring multifaceted care. Restorations used vary from amalgam and composite fillings, dental bonding, and onlays to crowns, inlays, veneers, and dental implant prosthetics.
Retainer
An appliance designed to stabilize teeth. Often used following orthodontic treatment.
Root (Tooth)
The anatomic portion of the tooth that is covered by cementum and is located in the alveolus (socket) where it is attached by the periodontal apparatus; radicular portion of the tooth.
Root Canal
The portion of the pulp cavity inside the root of a tooth; the chamber within the root of the tooth that contains the pulp.
Root Canal Therapy
The treatment of disease and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions.
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- S -
Salivary Gland
Exocrine glands that produce saliva and empty it into the mouth; these include the parotid glands, the submandibular glands and the sublingual glands.
Scaling
Removal of plaque, calculus, and stain from teeth.
Sealant
A resinous material designed to be applied to the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of posterior teeth to prevent occlusal caries.
Sedation (See Anesthesia)
Sedative Filling
A temporary restoration intended to relieve pain.
Sextant
One of the six relatively equal sections into which a dental arch can be divided.
[ See Tooth Chart ]
Site (Dental)
A term used to describe a single area, position, or locus. For periodontal procedures, an area of soft tissue recession on a single tooth or an osseous defect adjacent to a single tooth; also used to indicate soft tissue defects and/or osseous defects in edentulous tooth positions.
Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by abnormal pauses in breathing or instances of abnormally low breathing, during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last from a few seconds to minutes, and may occur 5 to 30 times or more an hour. Each abnormally low breathing event is called a hypopnea. Sleep apnea is generally diagnosed with an overnight sleep test called a polysomnogram (sleep study).
Space Maintainer
A passive appliance, usually cemented in place, that holds teeth in position.
Splint
A device used to support, protect, or immobilize oral structures that have been loosened, replanted, fractured or traumatized. Also refers to devices used in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ).
Succedaneous Tooth
A permanent tooth that replaces a primary (deciduous) tooth.
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- T -
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The connecting hinge mechanism between the base of the skull (temporal bone) and the lower jaw (mandible).
Third-Party Payer (Insurance)
An organization other than the patient (first party) or health care provider (second party) involved in the financing of personal health services.
Treatment Plan
The sequential guide for the patient's care as determined by the dentist's diagnosis and is used by the dentist for the restoration to and/or maintenance of optimal oral health.
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- U -
Unerupted (Tooth)
Tooth or teeth that have not penetrated into the oral cavity.
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- V -
Veneer
A thin covering of the facial surface of a tooth usually constructed of tooth colored material used to restore discolored, damaged, misshapen or misaligned teeth.
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- W -
Waiting Period (Insurance)
The period of time between employment or enrollment in a dental program and the date when a covered person becomes eligible for a given benefit.
Whitening (See Bleaching)
Wisdom Teeth
A wisdom tooth is in humans any of the third molars, including mandibular third molar and maxillary third molar. Wisdom teeth usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Most adults have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have more, in which case they are called supernumerary teeth. Wisdom teeth commonly affect other teeth as they develop, becoming impacted or "coming in sideways". They are often extracted when this occurs.
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- X, Y, Z -
X-rays (See Radiographs)
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Dental Information Database
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